Opinions

In the early modern period, the Little Divergence' shifted Europe's economic from South to North. Reducing the NorthSouth divide was fa priority objective of the process of European integration, while today the focus is on reducing the gap between Western and Eastern Europe. These efforts have achieved substantial results, but there are problems that remain unheeded

We are in the midst of the Sixth Extinction: Europe is committed to protecting at least 30% of its land and sea surface, in line with what was decided at COP15. But in Italy environmental protection is still seen as a cost

Over the last three decades, there have been numerous attempts to reform the Stability and Growth Pact. It remains to be seen whether the new fiscal rules proposed by the European Commission, based on national paths of adjustment, can take us to sustainable public finance

A stronger and more centralized Europe would be needed to overcome global challenges, as Mario Draghi has recently argued. Many say that European opinion differs too much between countries to achieve genuine political integration. However, cross country heterogeneity is small compared to within country heterogeneity in the EU, pointing to the possibility of transnational coalitions in the European interest

The Nobel prize in economics and Harvard professor's work is a goldmine for understanding the gender pay gap and women's empowerment

The UK rejoining the EU's flagship research funding programmes, Horizon Europe and Copernicus,is great news for science and will benefit both UK and Europe